Frequency of heart complication in beta thalassemia major children at tertiary care hospital

Abstract

Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of cardiac problems, including myocardial iron deposition, pericarditis, and valvular abnormalities, among people with β-thalassemia and to shed light on the distribution of β-thalassemia and hemoglobin levels within these populations. Methods: Hemoglobin levels, β-thalassemia status, and cardiac problems were measured in two groups of people: those who attended school and those who did not. The information in the data contained the β-thalassemia status (Yes/No) and hemoglobin levels grouped into specified ranges (e.g., <8.0 g/dl, 8-8.9 g/dl). information was documented for both groups on cardiac problems, such as arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, pericarditis, myocardial iron deposition, heart failure, and valvular abnormalities. The frequency and percentages of people with β-thalassemia, hemoglobin levels, and cardiac problems within each group were ascertained by analyzing the collected data. Result: The investigation produced some interesting results about hemoglobin levels, cardiac problems, and the prevalence of β-thalassemia in people who attend school and those who do not. Of those attending school, most had hemoglobin levels between 9 and 10.9 g/dl, and β-thalassemia impacted a sizable portion of them. Cardiac problems were common in school-age β-thalassemia patients, especially myocardial iron deposition and pericarditis. Likewise, β-thalassemia was shown to be more prevalent in non-school-going individuals, exhibiting a spectrum of hemoglobin levels and cardiac problems. Conclusion: the significance of early identification, surveillance, and treatment approaches for β-thalassemia-associated consequences, especially heart-related problems including pericarditis and myocardial iron accumulation. Furthermore, the research highlights the necessity of all-encompassing care and customized therapies to enhance outcomes and quality of life for β-thalassemia patients, with a specific emphasis on the avoidance and handling of cardiac issues.