A narrative review on the occurrence, biosynthesis and applications of rare simple sugars derived from macroalgae

Abstract

Macroalgae are abundant in bioactive compounds, and their unique polysaccharide content, which includes rare sugars with potential industrial applications, has garnered significant attention in recent years. This review aims to occurrence and applications of rare sugars by examining their occurrence and biosynthesis in macroalgae. A comprehensive analysis of the biosynthetic pathways that lead to the formation of these sugars is essential for understanding their presence in marine organisms. The study emphasizes the importance of precise structural characterization for the identification and quantification of rare sugars, detailing advanced analytical techniques used in this process. It also discusses the challenges associated with extraction and purification, underscoring the need for scalable and cost-effective methods for industrial production. The potential applications of rare sugars span various industries, including food and pharmaceuticals, highlighting their significance in health-related contexts. The review addresses critical issues such as low yields, storage stability, and regulatory challenges, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on rare sugars and their applications.