Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy

Formulation, development and evaluation of buccoadhesive drug delivery system of risperidone

Namra Chaudhary — 2023-12-31

Aim and Objective: The study aimed to manufacture Bucco-adhesive tablets of Risperidone and characterize the effectiveness of the drug by incorporating it into the mucoadhesive drug delivery system. The sustained release tablets reduced the dose frequency by increasing residence time. Methods: For this study, five tablet formulations were synthesized by the wet granulation technique. Polymers like Carbopol, HPMC, CMC, Chitosan, and Xanthan gum, with varying concentrations, were used in each formulation. The effectiveness of the mucoadhesive tablets was ascertained by performing various tests like analysis of physicochemical parameters like friability, hardness, content uniformity, weight variation, and swelling studies. The DSC and FTIR analysis gave validation about the compatibility between drug and excipients. Furthermore, in vitro release analysis and stability studies were performed that suggested good bio-adhesive strength of prepared tablets. Results: All formulations showed good results for the physical characterization tests, post-formulation tests, and stability and compatibility studies, but Fs had shown the optimum results in in vitro release studies and stability. solver software was used, and different models were applied to in-vitro release data. Kinetic modeling studies showed that these formulations followed Korsmeyer-Peppas mode of release, with Fs showing non-Fickian release. Stability studies showed not more than 5to10% change in the drug concentration which indicated the stability of formulations. No incompatibilities of polymer and drugs were proved by the results of DSC and FTIR. Conclusion: Conclusively, the results demonstrated that optimum mucoadhesive tablets of risperidone will be proved as a promising delivery system with reduced dosing frequency for the treatment of psychotic disorders.

Keywords: Buccoadhesive tablets, Risperidone, Kinetic studies, Sustained release, Mucoadhesion.

Formulation and evaluation of transdermal patch of lidocaine HCl for insect bite

Arjmand Mushtaq — 2023-12-31

Objective: Lidocaine needs to be administered frequently as it has poor oral bioavailability and it lacks prolong duration of action thus the study was aimed at to devise, develop, and analyze a matrix system transdermal formulation with Lidocaine HCl to give a sustained release effect of drug for chronic pains with a goal to enhance the bioavailability, avoid multiple administration thus improving the patient compliance. Materials and Methods: The different concentrations of different polymers of different grades such as HPMC K15, HPMC K100, Oleic acid, Eudragit RS100 and Patchouli oil were used in different conjuction to get optimized preparation of transdermal patches. Different hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymeric ratios resulted in plasticization with PEG 400 by the solvent casting method. The designed patches were then tested for their physico-chemical properties, including thickness, clarity, uniform drug content in patches and folding endurance. The improved formulation was then assessed by drug-excipient compatibility, in-vitro release study and kinetic modeling. Results: Folding endurance and clarity of al patches was satisfied. Spectroscopic techniques using the Fourier transform in the infrared and ultraviolet spectrum were used to rule out the interference of the polymers. In vitro release studies of Lidocaine were performed using a modified diffusion cell and phosphate buffer with a pH of 7.4, HCl loaded patches and it followed Higuchi and Korsmeyer Peppas model. In vivo drug release studies demonstrated the release up to 24h with release of 90.97% to 97.57%. Conclusion: The findings concluded that transdermal patches of Lidocaine HCl prepared by different grades of polymer were capable of exhibiting sustained release or controlled release of drug with defined stability. The developed patches had produced encouraging outcomes.

Preparation and characterization of pH sensitive hydrogel for sustained release of metoclopramide

Humaira Sultana — 2023-12-31

Objective: The aim of present research work was focus on preparation of PVA/SA hydrogels for Metoclopramide HCl drug release and investigates swelling and release study. Method: Chemical cross-linking method was used for the preparation of PVA/SA hydrogels in which glutaraldehyde was used as cross linker. By changing the concentration of polymers and cross linker different samples were prepared. Results: Characterization was done by FTIR, Sol gel analysis, swelling studies. Release studied was carried out at in pH (1.2-7.5) of phosphate buffer and its absorbance was determined by using UV spectrophotometer. Zero order, 1^st order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer- Peppas model were used to evaluate the drug release. Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that hydrogel could be one of the best approaches to enhanced sustained release of metoclopramide.

Comparison of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists (GNRHA) vs aromatase inhibitors on volume of uterine leiomyomas in premenopausal women

Uzma Hussain — 2023-12-31

Among the most prevalent yet poorly understood female health issues is uterine leiomyomas. In order to preserve fertility and avoid or delay surgical intervention, medical treatments are typically considered first-line. Therapeutic benefits of GnRH antagonists, aromatase inhibitors, progestin, and selective progesterone receptor modulators have been studied for the treatment of irregular uterine bleeding and the reduction of fibroid volume. To compare the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (leuprolide acetate) vs. Aromatase inhibitor (Letrozole) on volume of uterine leiomyoma in pre-menopausal women with leiomyomas. Randomized Controlled Trial. The study was conducted at Obstretrics and Gynaecolocy Department of Tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore i.e, Lady Willingdon Hospital Lahore. The study duration was six months. Patients were split into two groups of 31 using a lottery system; Group-A and Group-B. Group-A received aromatase inhibitor (letrozole) tablets and long-acting GnRHa (leuprolide acetate) injections (Group-B). The Aromatase Inhibitor (Tab letrozole). Every participant was given a set of standard measurements. All ultrasound examinations and analyses were carried out by a trained sonologist, who most often used a transvaginal probe. Once the myoma was located, its volume was determined utilising a step-by-step planimetry approach and a unified piece of software. Mean values were determined from measurements taken at the beginning of treatment and again at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference among Leuprolide acetate treatments after 12 weeks of administration, (10.42 vs. Letrazole's 9.95, p=0.626) and Letrazole (22.44 vs. Letrazole's 22.95, p=0.692) in terms of myoma volume reduction. Both groups had a drop in volume, but there were no statistically significant differences between treatments. Results of this study demonstrate no significant difference for leuprolide acetate and Letrozole on volume reduction of uterine leiomyoma in pre-menopausal women.

Hybrid nanogel systems' recent development: manufacturing and applications in drug simultaneous delivery associated imaging approach

Humaira Sultana — 2023-12-31

Researchers in pharmacy are paying increasingly close attention to nanogel-based multifunctional drug delivery systems, particularly hybrid nanogels and multicompartment nanogels because they can lead to the achievement of a superior functionality through the synergistic property enhancement of each component. Even numerous agents with differing physicochemical properties can be delivered together thanks to the special hybrid and compartmentalized structures. More crucially, the stimuli-responsive properties may be easily included into the design of targeted drug release through gel systems.